MAKE TOOLS
GNU provides a number of tools that are used in conjunction on modern software build projects to compile the software:
TOOLS
aclocal
automake
autoconf
./configure (a script that is generated by autoconf)
make (references makefiles generated by ./configure)
REFERENCES
AUTOTOOLS
Automake
automake, hosted under GNU Documentation by delorie software
Full toolset
Simple overviews or tutorials:
Building a GNU Autotools Project, offered by the Integrated Foundation Classes over at SourceForge
autotut: Using GNU auto{conf,make,header}, written by Felipe Bergo and hosted by the Simple End-User Linux Project. This tutorial has some great information toward the bottom of the page that covers standards and offers links to other good references.
Documentation and references
GNU Autoconf, Automake and LIBTOOL (The Goat Book), in print from SAMS Publishing but also hosted online by the authors.
The GNU configure and build system, written and hosted by Ian Lance Taylor
GNOME TOOLS
Dealing with libraries describes libtools, then provides a basic example
GNU MAKE
LIBRARIES
Program Library HOWTO, a document describing how to create and use libraries on Linux